A federal appeals court has upheld the growing consensus that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) confers jurisdiction over foreign state actors in possession of art allegedly looted by and/or overseen by the Nazis. Upholding last year’s District Court decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit affirmed the ruling in De Csepel v. Republic of Hungary that denied several Budapest museums’ motion to dismiss, while allowing the Republic of Hungary itself out of the case. This is the heirs second successful trip to the appellate court, where their claims were upheld in 2013. The case is the subject of a chapter in my newly-released book A Tragic Fate--Law and Ethics in the Battle Over Nazi-Looted Art (ABA Publishing).
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Topics:
Berlin,
David de Csepel,
Angela Maria Herzog,
Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection,
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act,
Baron Herzog,
Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Hungarian National Gallery,
SPK,
Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz,
Budapest Museum of Fine Arts,
FSIA,
expropriation exception”,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
Federal Republic of Germany,
András Herzog,
Welfenschatz,
genocide
The U.S. District Court in Los Angeles has denied yet another motion by the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena to dismiss claims by Marei von Saher to ownership of the Lucas Cranach paintings Adam and Eve. Ruling on the most recent argument that the claim was brought too late, the court held that the case was within California’s often-revised statute of limitations. Remarkably, even though last year’s remand from the Ninth Circuit raised the question of the application of the Act of State Doctrine, that issue went mentioned but unresolved. That could mean yet another motion before the case can proceed to trial (or even discovery).
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Topics:
Netherlands,
Norton Simon Museum,
Nazi Germany,
Von Saher,
Nazi-looted art,
California Code of Civil Procedure Section 338,
Pasadena,
Adam,
conflict preemption,
Lucas Cranach,
Cranach,
Restitution,
field preemption,
Marei Von Saher,
Statute of Limitations,
Goudstikker,
Los Angeles,
World War II,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
Museums,
Eve,
California Code of Civil Procedure 354.3
The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena’s efforts to bring an end to the claim by Marei von Saher to Lucas Cranach the Elder’s Adam and Eve failed yesterday, as the United States Supreme Court declined to hear the museum’s appeal from the decision last year by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that restored the claims. The Supreme Court denied what is called a writ of certiorari, which is a discretionary appeal from a lower court. The high Court can accept cases on appeal from final judgments (as would be the case had the museum prevailed) or, as here, what are called interlocutory appeals—appeals of matters still in process. The Ninth Circuit decision revived Von Saher’s case and sent them back to the District Court for litigation, and the Norton Simon’s petition asked the Supreme Court to intervene and put an end to it. The overwhelming proportion of certiorari petitions are denied, interlocutory appeals even more so (courts favor hearing appeals of final judgments to avoid piecemeal adjudications). This is the second certiorari petition in the case: in 2011, Von Saher was on the losing end of a petition when her case had been dismissed under an earlier version of California’s statute of limitations.
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Topics:
Legislation,
Dutch Secretary for Education Culture and Science,
Norton Simon Museum,
Alois Miedl,
Lilly Cassirer,
Norton Simon Art Foundation,
Rue Saint-Honoré après-midi effet de pluie,
Jacques Goudstikker,
George Stroganoff-Scherbatoff,
Hermann Goring,
Restitution,
Marei Von Saher,
Jr.,
World War II,
act of state doctrine,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Camille Pissarro,
Soviet Union,
foreign affairs doctrine,
California Section 354.3 of Code of Civil Procedur,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art
I am quoted at length in an article about the recent Von Saher decision: "Fight Over Paintings Looted by Nazis May Finally Get Trial Thanks to 9th Cir." by Nicholas Datlowe, published by Bloomberg BNA’s United States Law Week. The article covers the overall background and importance of the decision, and has quotes from the plaintiffs’ attorneys who now can return to the trial court to try to press their claim (and respond to the likely forthcoming act of state defenses, as discussed here previously). It also analyzes the dissent in the June 6, 2014 opinion by Judge Kim McLane Wardlaw, who would have upheld the trial court dismissal under the foreign affairs doctrine. 
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Topics:
Bloomberg BNA,
82 U.S.L.W. 1944,
Dutch Secretary for Education Culture and Science,
Norton Simon Museum,
Alois Miedl,
Lilly Cassirer,
Norton Simon Art Foundation,
Rue Saint-Honoré après-midi effet de pluie,
Jacques Goudstikker,
Howard N. Spiegler,
Fred Anthony Rowley,
George Stroganoff-Scherbatoff,
Hermann Goring,
Harry Pregerson,
Restitution,
Marei Von Saher,
Jr.,
World War II,
act of state doctrine,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
United States Law Week,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Camille Pissarro,
Dorothy Wright Nelson,
http://www.bna.com.,
The Bureau of National Affairs Inc.,
Kim McLane Wardlaw,
Soviet Union,
foreign affairs doctrine,
California Section 354.3 of Code of Civil Procedur,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit restored on June 6, 2014 the claims by Marei von Saher against the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena for the paintings Adam and Eve by Lucas Cranach the Elder. The appeals court followed its decision in Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain in December of last year, concerning the painting Rue Saint-Honoré, après-midi, effet de pluie by Camille Pissarro that was owned at one time by Lilly Cassirer, a Jewish collector who fled Germany in 1939. While the panel of judges vacated the Von Saher dismissal that was premised on the idea that California’s revised statute of limitations was unconstitutional (instead finding that the law and claims withstand that scrutiny), the divided 2-1 panel sent the case back to the district court to determine if the claims were nonetheless barred under the “act of state doctrine”. One dissenting judge would have upheld the dismissal on the grounds that the case would call into question Von Saher’s compensation from the Dutch government such that that would violate the foreign affairs doctrine. That split on the act of state doctrine partially answers the lingering question of why Von Saher, argued the same day as Cassirer concerning the same California law, had gone undecided six months after Cassirer was resolved.
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Topics:
Dutch Secretary for Education Culture and Science,
Norton Simon Museum,
Alois Miedl,
Lilly Cassirer,
Norton Simon Art Foundation,
Rue Saint-Honoré après-midi effet de pluie,
Jacques Goudstikker,
Howard N. Spiegler,
Fred Anthony Rowley,
George Stroganoff-Scherbatoff,
Hermann Goring,
Harry Pregerson,
Restitution,
Marei Von Saher,
Jr.,
World War II,
Foreign Sovereign Immunities,
act of state doctrine,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Camille Pissarro,
Dorothy Wright Nelson,
http://www.bna.com.,
Kim McLane Wardlaw,
Soviet Union,
foreign affairs doctrine,
California Section 354.3 of Code of Civil Procedur,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit heard oral argument last week in two high-profile World War II art restitution claims, Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art, and Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain. The Supreme Court’s previous decision not to hear earlier appeals of those cases with regard to statutes of limitations has had a broad effect for years now, and last year's dismissal was widely observed. At its core, the Von Saher case poses a direct question: is a claim that alleges procedural unfairness with the restitution claims process in another country after World War II (i.e., the Netherlands) so wrapped up in the State Department’s foreign policy apparatus that courts cannot intervene (requiring dismissal at the outset of the case), or is that fairness a question of fact that entitles the plaintiff to survive the threshold analysis and proceed to discovery or a trial? Although comments from the bench are never a predictor of the results, the spirited argument underscored the importance of the two cases to the future of restitution claims in federal courts, and whether the restitution question is incompatible with the separation of powers in the U.S. government.
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Topics:
Dutch Secretary for Education Culture and Science,
Norton Simon Museum,
Alois Miedl,
Lilly Cassirer,
Norton Simon Art Foundation,
Rue Saint-Honoré après-midi effet de pluie,
Jacques Goudstikker,
Howard N. Spiegler,
Fred Anthony Rowley,
George Stroganoff-Scherbatoff,
Hermann Goring,
Harry Pregerson,
Marei Von Saher,
Jr.,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Camille Pissarro,
Dorothy Wright Nelson,
Kim McLane Wardlaw,
Soviet Union,
California Section 354.3 of Code of Civil Procedur,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art
An emerging new defense to wartime art restitution claims has claimed another case. Although still confined to one district in California, the trend of dismissing such claims as better suited to resolution through the foreign affairs operations of the federal government simply cannot be ignored; wartime claims already struggling to overcome statutes of limitations could be in real trouble. The procedural history is complex, but the effect could be sweeping.
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Topics:
Legislation,
Nazi Germany,
Lilly Cassirer,
Rue Saint-Honoré après-midi effet de pluie,
California Code of Civil Procedure Section 338,
conflict preemption,
FSIA,
Preemption,
Restitution,
field preemption,
Goudstikker,
World War II,
Foreign Sovereign Immunities,
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum,
Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain,
California Code of Civil Procedure 354.3
